Centre Civic Lleialtat Santsenca 1214
HARQUITECTES
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Centre Civic Lleialtat Santsenca 1214
HARQUITECTES
Situació: Carrer Olzinelles 31, Barcelona
Concurs: 2012. 1er Premi
Projecte: 2012-2013
Obra: 2014-2017
Promotor: BIMSA (Barcelona 'Infraestructures Metropolitanes S.A)
Superfície construïda: 2029,80m2
Col laboradors: Montse Fornés Guàrdia, Jordi Mitjans, Berta Romeo, Carla Piñol, Blai Cabrero Bosch, Toni Jiménez, Xavier Mallorquí, Jorge Suárez-Kilzi
Equip: Societat Orgánica (assessoria ambiental), DSM arquitectes (estructura), Oriol Vidal (enginyeria), I2A (assessoria acústica), Chroma ( rehabilitació - restauració), Esitec (audiovisuals), Aumedes da arquitectura técnica ( pressupost)
Fotografia: Adrià Goula
Premis: 3er Premi ' Mapei a l'edificació sostenible' 2020, Shortlisted 'EU Mies Van der Rohe Award 2019', Premi Europeu 'Intervenció en el Patrimoni Arquitectônic 2019 'AADIPA 2019', Premi Ciutat Barcelona 2017, Finalista Premis 'FAD 2018'
THREE STARTING POINTS.
Understanding the value of the history of the Building of the Lleialtat Santsenca (1928), an ancient neighbourhood working class cooperative in Sants, Barcelona. Knowing to the detail, the current state of the building to maintain as much as possible. Being extremely sensitive to having a collaborative process involving neighbourhood organizations with the purpose of getting back Lleialtat (2009).
FOUR PURPOSES.
Taking advantage. Trying to take advantage of anything that could be useful from the original, demolishing first all the useless. Working on a pre-existence is an opportunity for a physical and a historical recuperation of a meaningful building in the neighbourhood.
Intervention. Making a strategy of an intervention defining the essential actions, whereas they are more conservative or not.
Context. Affecting positively the surroundings, stablishing an interesting and intense -tense if needed- dialogue with the context.
Sustainability. Working multifaceted on a project environmentally sustainable, regarding the work on the existing as well as the new interventions.
THE STRATEGY.
Three constructions. The building is formed by three structural constructions. The main body, with a façade to streets Olzinelles and Altafulla, contains the two main spaces (the ancient shop on the ground floor and the atrium in the first floor). The central body, with access from the Altafulla street. Third, the interior body, without a direct access from the outside, which is L shaped.
Demolishment. We stablished to demolish all of the irrecoverable elements, meaning to practically only leave the facades, party walls and other structural elements.
Access. We mantaing the main access through the Olzinelles street, and a secondary one, for loading and unloading and as a security exit, at Altafulla street.
Atrium. Except for the two main spaces, which have a connection with the exterior, there were precarious health and hygiene conditions inside the rest of the construction. For that reason, we proposed a large longitudinal void, which traverses the whole building, connecting the three structural bodies, and all of the spaces, new and old. A gradual progression, beginning with the most public spaces, near the street and finishing at the most private ones. The void consists on the complete demolition of the centreline nearby the party wall to Olzinelles street, becoming a sort of interior street, emphasized at the second volume by enlarging the existing light well. Finally, the last structural body, a triple space contiguous to the void of the two previous bodies, puts an end to the sequence. The succession of voids configures an atrium limited by new facades, aesthetically opposed to the existing party walls, visibly full of history. The atrium gives light and ventilation to all of the spaces, becoming key axis of the horizontal and vertical circulations, aporting new potentials of uses for unexpected programs.
Atrium. Inside the atrium, a characteristic highlights among the others: the ensemble of corridors and staircase inspired by the auxiliary work constructions, and, mainly, by the "Teatro Oficina" by Lina Bo Bardi in São Paulo (1980-91).
Leveling. With the purpose of having the maximum of the developable surface, and facilitating the access from the ground floor, the whole plan is levelled to the entrance from the Olzinelles Street (+0.00), lowering 85cm all of the spaces except for the atrium in the first body, which was already at this height.
The roof. The existing roof could not be maintained, only the trusses in the main space. A new roof is built above the whole building, associated volumetrically to the three structural bodies. Three gable roofs with a light technology of cellular polycarbonate oriented south, and an insulated metal enclosure oriented north, always above a metal structure, assuming environmental and thermic requirements. This means permanent natural sunlight of the atrium and providing ventilation through the windows in the highest corners.
Interior divisions. We worked systematically in front of each subject: a). we preserve the existing party walls respecting its current visual aspect, as much as possible. b). we reinforce structurally with metallic beams where new overtures are needed. c). the original windows and doors which become unnecessary, are closed with a brick wall. d. we use a lightweight wooden framework in the spaces where we need thermic and acoustic isolation, mainly in the interior façades of the Atrium.
The (protected) façade. We are more interested in the actual façade, than in the original one. We want to preserve its aged appearance, to reflect the traces of time - the infinite palette of watered ochres is spectacular. We will clean it and repair the existing pathologies, but under any circumstance we won't try to recuperate the original appearance of the building. Time passes, and it is a value that should take part of the soul inside the new Lleialtat, and the façade will be an expression of it. Nevertheless, the new elements will be using the contemporary technology and aesthetics. We keep all of the original voids and add iron carpentry, responding to the interior needs (ventilation, etc.).
SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
Inexpert users. Probably, the building will receive several users and possibly not one will be in charge of everything. The building should work on its own, without depending on the intervention from people, more than opening or closing the windows to regulate the temperature and ventilation.
Unpredictable use. The building will be used in multiple and unexpected ways, regarding timetables and levels of occupation.
Passive strategies. Due to this unexpected and irregular use, the kind of sporadic and inexpert user, we chose a building which would climatically work on its own, using passive strategies based on inertia (climatic and semiclimatic spaces), isolation (air space), etc.
Minimal air conditioning. We will only condition the spaces of static use, leaving the Atrium without, assuming it will be a temperate space in comparison to the exterior, but not reaching the comfort required in the interior spaces. The atrium will be a space in between, bio-conditioned.
Solar caption and ventilation. The increasing of volume in the roof, - always respecting to the maximum the actual solar radiation of the neighbours- has as a propriety the solar caption, producing two seasonal opposite situations. During the winter: we keep the heating with a heat recovery system for the interior spaces. Whilst during the summer, we reheat the air in the top of the atrium, forcing a convection which expulses the warmest air from the building by opening the automatized windows in the roof ridge. Furthermore, the air conditioned will allow free-cooling, as long as the exterior temperature is beneficious.
Taking advantage of the excess of warm air. During the winter, all of the climatic spaces expulse the hot air from the forced ventilation in the atrium to regulate it.
Light. The Atrium gives natural light to the interior during the whole year thanks to the cellular polycarbonate panels that cover it. In the third body, due to the excess of radiation during the majority of the year, a ventilated chamber of 60cm depth -the same as the beams- installing a solar filter in the interior made out of a shadowing material, allowing the best solar caption in the winter. and the minimum in the summer. The most elevated part of the solar protection will be fixed with a perforated corrugated sheet. The sensors will open the windows located at the two extremes, when it will not be necessary to keep the exceeding heat, refreshing it automatically.
(Text: harquitectes.com)
HARQUITECTES
harquitectes.com
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